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	<title>风景园林新青年 YouthLA &#187; 风景园林新青年</title>
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	<description>风景园林新青年，是一个负有使命感的非营利性网站，它致力于树立设计师的社会责任感，为青年设计师和风景园林学子提供学习、交流的平台。该网站由一批具有风景园林背景的青年设计师自发创办，秉着客观公正、认真负责的态度推动该事业的前进。</description>
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		<title>文治</title>
		<link>http://www.youthla.org/2012/02/civilian-control/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 07 Feb 2012 04:33:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>风景园林新青年</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[视角]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[LAM]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[公园]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[托滕堡公园]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[翻译]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[这里曾是一个不规则的阅兵场：废弃的炮台，砖砌的营房，以及有着巨大白色圆柱门廊的殖民地复兴式优雅的房屋。建筑和周遭的场地大多被设计成满足过去一个半世纪不同军事设施的需求。本文将介绍如何在这样一个曾经是军事用地的地方通过设计师的设计来服务公众。 <table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>这里曾是一个不规则的阅兵场：废弃的炮台，砖砌的营房，以及有着巨大白色圆柱门廊的殖民地复兴式优雅的房屋。建筑和周遭的场地大多被设计成满足过去一个半世纪不同军事设施的需求。本文将介绍如何在这样一个曾经是军事用地的地方通过设计师的设计来服务公众。</p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color: #999999;">Article Source: Alex Ulam. Landscape Architecture Magazine. November, 2010</span></p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">声明：此翻译为正式授权文章，已征得作者同意在风景园林新青年(Youth Landscape Architecture) 上发表，严禁转载。</span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">Notice: This article is a reprinted version in Chinese with the official permission of the author. Do not copy without permission. </span></strong></p>
<p>（题目译者注: Civilian Control是一种军事用语，主要用于在军队组织中文官至上指挥武官和军队的结构形式，这里一语双关，寓意在一个曾经是军事用地的地方通过设计师设计来服务公众(Civilian)）</p>
<div id="attachment_6037" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 622px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6037" title="civilian-control-01" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/civilian-control-01.jpg" alt="" width="612" height="524" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Photo Credit: Michael Moran</p></div>
<p>尽管是纽约市的鲜为人知的公园之一，托滕堡公园却拥有该市最壮观的景色。它坐落在东河和长岛海峡交汇的一个半岛上——位于纽约皇后区外缘。这里曾是一个不规则的阅兵场：废弃的炮台，砖砌的营房，以及有着巨大白色圆柱门廊的殖民地复兴式优雅的房屋。建筑和周遭的场地大多被设计成满足过去一个半世纪不同军事设施的需求。除了房屋看起来仿佛可以直接用于布置《乱世佳人》（译者注:美国女作家玛格丽特·米切尔所著的一本讲述南北战争前后的小说，后被翻拍成电影）片中的背景而富有时代的色彩，场地的自然丘陵地形也便于观赏周边水道的壮观景色。</p>
<div id="attachment_6038" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 681px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6038" title="civilian-control-02" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/civilian-control-02.jpg" alt="" width="671" height="406" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Photo Credit: Michael Moran</p></div>
<p>想在这样一个围栏遍布、到处是制服军警的地方寻找一条路还真是一次小小的冒险。入口的门柱上装饰着在二战时布置在长岛海峡中的水雷；门边的岗亭里，警卫会阻挡未经授权的车辆：安保问题在这里非常重要。作为被市政府认定的历史街区，这个归纽约公园和游憩管理局所有的公园占据了这个半岛面积的三分之一（达49英亩）。虽然托滕堡的历史建筑大多无人居住，历史区域以外的地方则分别被纽约市消防局，美国陆军预备役，美国海岸警卫队以及纽约市警察局的一个机构占据。小道消息说，警察局的那个机构是用来做反恐训练的。</p>
<div id="attachment_6039" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 684px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6039" title="civilian-control-03" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/civilian-control-03.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="250" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Photo Credit: Courtesy Nancy Owens Studio</p></div>
<p>进入公园后，沿着蜿蜒的柏油马路，经过一个棒球场和一些绿篱后，你会看到一个长200英尺的大土丘，看起来就像是一个史前印第安部落遗迹。这就是在刚过去的春天开放的托滕堡公园北区，由南希·欧文斯景观和城市设计工作室设计。</p>
<p>这片区域占地九英亩，位于托滕堡公园内的一个大草坡上（欧文斯还为大托滕堡公园设计了一个总体规划），它将几种当代抽象的大尺度景观形式引入历史悠久的景致之中。在土丘顶部，游客可以直接看到山下的长岛海峡，欧文斯说这是有意设计成类似“坟冢”的样子。山坡下面是一系列小的隆起平台，环绕着许多带状曲线种植的柳枝稷及修剪整齐的草坪。在公园的一侧有一个一英亩的生物沼地，沼地中的乔木、草本植被和灌木掩映着消防车停车场和三座孤零零的Capehart式房屋。（译者注:20世纪50年代为适应二战后士兵返乡的居住需求而大量建造的混凝土和砖贴面结构房屋，由于相关法案由印第安纳州议员Homer Capehart起草，故以其名字命名）。</p>
<div id="attachment_6040" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 680px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6040" title="civilian-control-04" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/civilian-control-04.jpg" alt="" width="670" height="410" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Photo Credit: Michael Moran</p></div>
<div id="attachment_6041" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 596px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6041" title="civilian-control-05" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/civilian-control-05.jpg" alt="" width="586" height="284" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Photo Credit: Courtesy Nancy Owens Studio</p></div>
<p>在像托滕堡这样历史悠久的场地设计现代景观需要面对许多棘手的问题，最显而易见的就是如何成功地将一种新的审美情趣引入一个远离世界城市中心的公共空间。考虑到公园所处的无序扩张的Bayside区，这一挑战就更为复杂了（译者注：纽约城郊的一片居住社区，位于皇后区，以昂贵的住房闻名，这一区虽分割凌乱而又有极度统一的都铎风格，多是独栋房屋且绿化良好）。</p>
<p>夏日周末的午后，参观托滕堡公园的人们多会在历史建筑物前或在阅兵场上徜徉，而不是到北区里游玩。约翰·阿诺德——一位因使用半山腰的洗手间而停留的骑行者——这位北区屈指可数的到访者对那个“坟冢”和高大的柳枝稷印象不佳，“这里像是草地版的越战纪念碑公园”（译者注：越战纪念碑公园位于华盛顿特区，由时年21岁的华裔建筑师林璎设计）。早在这里还是军事基地的时候他就常常和朋友偷偷溜进来，尽管他早就厌烦了这里以前大量的硬质铺装和乏味的Capehart住宅，阿诺德还是觉得现在种植的柳枝稷也有碍长岛海峡的美景。</p>
<div id="attachment_6042" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 684px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6042" title="civilian-control-06" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/civilian-control-06.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="471" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Photo Credit: Courtesy Nancy Owens Studio</p></div>
<div id="attachment_6043" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 448px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6043" title="civilian-control-07" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/civilian-control-07.jpg" alt="" width="438" height="345" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Photo Credit: Courtesy City of New York Department of Parks &amp; Recreation</p></div>
<div id="attachment_6044" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 684px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6044" title="civilian-control-08" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/civilian-control-08.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="344" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Photo Credit: Courtesy Nancy Owens Studio</p></div>
<div id="attachment_6045" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 684px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6045" title="civilian-control-09" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/civilian-control-09.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="560" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Photo Credit: Courtesy Nancy Owens Studio</p></div>
<p>尽管看起来不是特别受游客待见，这个耗资380万美元设计建造的公园还是有一些值得注意的地方。它是全球150个被选定的关于可持续化设计计划（SITES）的试点项目之一，这一计划是美国景观设计师协会（ASLA）、德州大学奥斯汀分校的Lady Bird Johnson野生花卉中心以及美国国家植物园合作的对于景观设计生态评估体系。北区公园的另外一个特别之处是，纽约市公园和游憩管理局的“卓越设计工程”计划的指导下，南希·欧文斯工作室通过聘请尖端人才补强其设计团队而完成了该公园的设计。欧文斯工作室是8个入选这个为期两年的“卓越设计工程”的公司之一。</p>
<p>北区公园是通过营造乡土植物来重塑场地的生态，这使得它得以入选SITES试点项目。场地曾有道路、停车场和19处Capehart式建筑（这样硬质的景观和地表）—— 这些房屋的拆迁花费了公园的设计施工预算的一半。而如今超过200棵树木和大量草本植物已使这一地区得到彻底的转变。而植被茂密的生态沼地也可以吸收往日直冲长岛海峡的雨洪径流。</p>
<div id="attachment_6046" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 684px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6046" title="civilian-control-10" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/civilian-control-10.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="549" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Photo Credit: Michael Moran</p></div>
<div id="attachment_6047" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 618px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6047" title="civilian-control-11" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/civilian-control-11.jpg" alt="" width="608" height="627" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Photo Credit: Michael Moran</p></div>
<div id="attachment_6048" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 341px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6048" title="civilian-control-12" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/civilian-control-12.jpg" alt="" width="331" height="235" /><p class="wp-caption-text">Photo Credit: Courtesy Nancy Owens Studio</p></div>
<p>抽象的景观形式让人想起大地艺术运动和罗伯特史密森的作品，而它们的名字则体现其设计意图。穿越整个场地带状种植的柳枝稷被命名为“移动的海岸线”，除了暗合托滕堡不规则的海岸线外，植草还有意沿场地上等高线的变化栽植 ——坡度陡的地方带状植草就窄，而在地势平坦的地方则较宽。 “坟冢”的正式名称叫国王炮台，它记录着1871年建成有30门固定迫击炮的原国王炮台的位置。人工切出边坡和大尺度的土丘可以唤起对托滕堡故垒的联想。不过，旅客们要么得凭直觉理解，要么读过公园相关的文章，才能理解“国王炮台丘”和“移动的海岸线”的代表着什么，因为场地里没有能让人辨别这些地形的标识。</p>
<p>你肯定不会知道，北区公园曾经是一个综合军事住宅和交织的道路，并不断向长岛海峡产生污染地方，南希欧文斯工作室的设计无疑改善了北区公园的环境。尽管如此，相对于传统公园，这里更像一个巨大的大地艺术作品。在某种程度上讲，这与林璎代表作的遭遇相似，越战纪念碑建成时遭受人们大量的抨击，而后人们又为其黑花岗岩的烘托和经典几何形态的使用而着迷。当然，作为公园，北区要是能吸引游客才算是成功。现在还难说。</p>
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		<title>城市中的记忆之芽</title>
		<link>http://www.youthla.org/2012/01/the-memorial-bud-in-city/</link>
		<comments>http://www.youthla.org/2012/01/the-memorial-bud-in-city/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 29 Jan 2012 06:22:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>风景园林新青年</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[视角]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[场所]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[概念方案]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[纪念性景观]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.youthla.org/?p=6001</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[本文介绍了一个关于纪念性景观的概念方案，该方案针对重庆较场口惨案隧道遗址的保护与更新，在保护遗址地下空间原真性的基础上，试图以一种新的思维方式来探讨纪念性景观的设计表达途径。方案旨在强化原有遗址的场所感与存在感，通过设计让人们去主动感知遗址空间的存在，从而重述一段重要的城市历史事件。 <table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>摘要：本文介绍了一个关于纪念性景观的概念方案，该方案针对重庆较场口惨案隧道遗址的保护与更新，在保护遗址地下空间原真性的基础上，试图以一种新的思维方式来探讨纪念性景观的设计表达途径。方案旨在强化原有遗址的场所感与存在感，通过设计让人们去主动感知遗址空间的存在，从而重述一段重要的城市历史事件。同时设计与城市功能相结合，针对鲜明的地域性气候特征，通过设计营造相对舒适的小气候环境。本方案设计的纪念性景观不是纪念碑式的模式，希望其能够正真融入城市环境，在回述历史的同时创造新的场所体验。<br />
关键词：纪念性景观，场所感，存在感，感官，功能</p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color: #888888;">方案组成员：刘家琳 李萍 朱时雨 张雪辉 卢亮</span></p>
<h3>1.	设计回想</h3>
<p>这个概念性方案的产生源于第47届IFLA国际风景园林学生竞赛的机会，虽然这次竞赛已过去多时，我们还是希望能将当初这个方案中关于纪念性景观设计的一些想法拿出来与大家一起共同交流。</p>
<p>基于历史事件及场地背景，我们试图去探求纪念性景观新的表达方式，这种方式将摈弃以往纪念碑式的设计模式，希望由此所营造的景观不再远离我们的日常生活，而是能够真正融入到城市环境之中，在回述历史的同时创造一种纪念性与功能性相结合的场所体验。</p>
<h3>2.问题的提出</h3>
<p>当年的竞赛题目是“和谐共荣——传统的继承与可持续发展”，题目明确提出了两点要求，一是所选择的场地必须是城市历史遗址，二是对遗址保护和更新的方法要具备创新性和时代性两个特征。在此我们不详述解题和选题的过程了，直接切入我们当时关注到的一个具有特殊性质的城市历史遗址——重庆较场口惨案隧道遗址。</p>
<p>此遗址源于一次抗战时期的历史事件。1938 年至1943 年,日军对中国战时首都重庆进行了长达5 年半的“战略轰炸”。1941年6月5日，当时仅能容纳四五千人的较场口防空隧道里挤进一万余人，由于拥挤和缺氧，造成大量进入隧道躲避空袭的市民死亡，史称较场口隧道惨案。如今这一历史事件在重庆仅通过一些小型的、分散的图片展示给公众，关于这段历史的印象已逐渐从当代人的视野中消逝。</p>
<p>据统计，重庆已调查登录的抗战遗迹共755处，如今仅存386处，并且还在继续损毁。这些损毁大部分来自“建设性”破坏，即在城市发展中盲目拆旧建新。据调查，现存抗战文化资源保护状态好者仅占17.5%。较场口隧道惨案遗址作为重庆重要的抗战遗址之一，其代表了一类即将被城市发展所掩埋的遗址。从物质文化层面来看，这类遗址也许并没有蕴含多么精美的文化价值，但就精神文化层面而言，它们作为城市历史事件的一个缩影，曾经与这座城市和这里的市民生活紧密相连。它们代表了这座城市的一段历史，是城市记忆的一部分，也应该成为这里的人们子孙后代的记忆。</p>
<p>对此类遗址的保护与更新是出于对历史事件的尊重，对那些逝去的生命的尊重，对平凡大众的致敬，期望以此来强化这座城市的记忆。</p>
<h3>3.遗址现状</h3>
<p>较场口隧道惨案遗址位于重庆最繁华的商业中心区——解放碑附近的较场口片区与十八梯城市历史街区的临界地带。遗址隧道共有三个出入口。一号出入口象征性地安置了一个纪念性的小建筑，内部展示了少许关于惨案的老照片，平日这里很少引起路人的关注。二号出入口已在城市建设中被填埋。三号出入口位于十八梯历史街区，更是无人问津，这里长期垃圾成堆，环境脏乱，在炎热的夏季居民将此作为纳凉之地。</p>
<p>该遗址由于其地下空间的“隐形”特质很难让人感知她的存在，而三个出入口所带来的遗址感知性也甚为微弱，使其几乎完全被掩埋在吵杂的城市环境中。遗址现状缺乏管理，环境条件亟待改善。</p>
<div id="attachment_6003" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 684px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6003" title="memory-01" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/memory-01.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="297" /><p class="wp-caption-text">图一：隧道遗址防空洞口现状</p></div>
<h3>4.概念构思</h3>
<h4>4.1对纪念性景观的新认识</h4>
<p>在考察本次历史事件遗址时，我们意识到，对于历史，某些记忆是不应该被忘却的，需要让人们不断的去重新记忆。此时，我们景观设计师可以发挥自我的力量，使人们在回述记忆的同时获得美好的、积极的体验。</p>
<p>我们希望在城市场所中创造一种可被感知的纪念性景观，它不以原有遗址为直接载体，而是通过在另一场地的设计来强化原有遗址的存在感与场所感。在这里记忆者和被记忆者是平等的，形成了一种平易近人的景观感受。同时，我们希望这一设计不再是纪念碑模式的重复，而是在具有纪念性意义的同时与城市功能相结合，所营造的景观能够进入我们的生活，融入我们新的记忆。</p>
<p>对于此类纪念性遗址的保护与更新，在进行具体设计之前，我们提出了以下保护、更新的理念框架：</p>
<ol>
<li>对原有遗址采取原真性保护，不干扰其历史遗留状态；</li>
<li>新的设计应对原有遗址有所响应，重塑其场所感；</li>
<li>新设计在场所空间上进行强化，扩大遗址本身的存在感；</li>
<li>新设计与城市功能相结合，与城市环境有所互动；</li>
<li>在区域中营造一种平易近人的纪念性景观。</li>
</ol>
<h4>4.2纪念性设计层面</h4>
<h4>4.2.1强化原有隧道遗址的场所感与存在感</h4>
<p>较场口惨案隧道遗址的保护与更新方案对隧道遗址本身采取原真性保护策略，使其保持在历史遗留状态。新的设计以遗址上方的城市街道、广场及三个隧道口为设计载体，置入纪念性景观构筑物，形成连续的线性空间，将三个隧道洞口联系起来。这些景观构筑物强化了原有隧道遗址的场所感与存在感，使城市空间中的人们经过这片区域时能够感知到地下遗址的存在，从而感知到这段城市历史事件的存在。</p>
<h4>4.2.2感官设计</h4>
<p>通过感官设计，使得这些纪念性构筑物成为地上空间与地下空间的交流媒介。视觉设计层面，通过构筑物将人的视线感觉延伸到地下空间，同时运用多媒体图像技术呈现相关历史信息；听觉设计层面，通过构筑物来传达历史事件发生时的各种音效；触觉设计层面，通过构筑物引出凉风，从而让人们联想到隧道遗址实体的存在。</p>
<div id="attachment_6004" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 510px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6004" title="memory-03" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/memory-03.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="724" /><p class="wp-caption-text">图2：强化隧道遗址的场所感与存在感</p></div>
<div id="attachment_6005" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 510px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6005" title="memory-02" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/memory-02.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="1080" /><p class="wp-caption-text">图3：感官概念设计</p></div>
<h4>4.3功能性设计层面</h4>
<h4>4.3.1增强区域内环境舒适度</h4>
<p>遗址所在城市重庆夏季气候十分炎热，场地所处的城市中心区热岛效应更为严重。区域中的街道广场缺乏遮阴休憩设施，公共空间炎热，舒适度低，仅在隧道遗址的洞口处较为凉爽。场地中置入的构筑物不单具备纪念性景观的特质，同时兼备城市功能属性，提供遮阴、降温、休憩功能。这些功能性构筑物起到调节区域环境舒适度的作用，使场地中的小气候得到改善。</p>
<p>4.3.2功能设计</p>
<p>其一，构筑物具有顶棚，其上有植被覆盖，在炎热的夏季为城市公共空间提供阴影，满足遮阴功能需求；其二，构筑单体本身设有出风口，提供凉风或者冷凉的雾气，满足降温功能需求，提高区域内小气候的舒适度；其三，考虑到不同的使用人群，构筑物单体具有多种尺度，为大众提供了休憩、会面的场所。</p>
<div id="attachment_6006" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 510px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6006" title="memory-05" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/memory-05.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="732" /><p class="wp-caption-text">图4：增强区域内环境舒适度</p></div>
<div id="attachment_6007" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 510px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6007" title="memory-04" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/memory-04.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="1534" /><p class="wp-caption-text">图5：功能概念设计</p></div>
<h3>5.设计表达</h3>
<h4>5.1总述</h4>
<p>本方案针对较场口惨案隧道遗址的保护与更新，在保护遗址地下空间原真性的基础上，通过设计强化原有遗址的场所感与存在感，以平易近人的方式来重述一段城市历史事件。同时，针对地域性气候特征，设计结合城市功能，旨在改善城市公共空间环境。</p>
<p>方案以遗址上方的城市公共空间及三个隧道口为设计载体，置入景观构筑物。构筑物单体呈“芽”的形态,仿佛是从地下空间破土而出，成为一种全新生命体的象征。这些新生的“芽状”构筑物与城市中的人们产生互动，成为地上空间与地下空间的交流媒介，通过视觉、听觉、触觉设计让人们去感知地下遗址的存在。</p>
<p>布局上，这些“芽状”物在越靠近遗址隧道口的区域分布越密集，越远离的区域分布越稀疏，形成一个连续不断的线性空间，以此逐步引导人们去寻找遗址本体。依据环境的差异性，它们具有不同的组合布局方式，分别为点状布局模式、丛状布局模式、带状布局模式及隧道洞口的片状模式。</p>
<div id="attachment_6008" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 684px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6008" title="memory-06" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/memory-06.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="346" /><p class="wp-caption-text">图6：设计总平面图</p></div>
<h4>5.2“芽”状构筑物的布局模式</h4>
<h4>5.2.1点状布局模式</h4>
<p>“芽”状构筑物散点分布在较为狭窄的街道上，以及被建筑围合的小空间中。受场所条件的限制，其尺度不宜过大，多为一个或两个单体组合而成。感官体验和功能的多样性体现在一段距离内出现的不同单体上。</p>
<div id="attachment_6009" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 510px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6009" title="memory-07" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/memory-07.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="916" /><p class="wp-caption-text">图7：点状布局模式</p></div>
<h4>5.2.2丛状布局模式</h4>
<p>丛状布局模式主要存在于广场空间。在这类场所中，构筑物多三五成群，将具有不同功能和感官设计的单体进行组合，形成开敞空间中的一个个聚集点。人们经过这些区域，通过各种感官体验去感知地下遗址空间的存在，同时区域中也形成了一个个相对舒适的会面、交流场所。</p>
<div id="attachment_6010" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 510px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6010" title="memory-08" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/memory-08.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="899" /><p class="wp-caption-text">图8：丛状布局模式</p></div>
<h4>5.2.3带状布局模式</h4>
<p>带状布局模式出现在较为宽敞的街道空间中，成为城市环境里一个遮阴的通廊。在这里人们可以休憩、感受凉风以及在与构筑物互动的过程中了解城市的历史。记忆在不经意间得到了延续。</p>
<div id="attachment_6011" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 510px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6011" title="memory-09" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/memory-09.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="898" /><p class="wp-caption-text">图9：带状布局模式</p></div>
<h4>5.2.4遗址洞口片状模式</h4>
<p>作为最终目的地，构筑物将人们从四面八方引到隧道洞口。这里也是构筑物分部密集程度最大的地方。宽大的顶棚延伸了隧道的感觉，遮荫的幕布为纪念性图像投影提供了屏幕，遗址的感知力在这里达到了最大程度。</p>
<div id="attachment_6012" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 510px"><img class="size-full wp-image-6012" title="memory-10" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/memory-10.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="879" /><p class="wp-caption-text">图10：遗址洞口片状模式</p></div>
<h3>6.结语</h3>
<p>该概念方案关注到一类被人们所忽视的城市历史遗址。方案针对隧道遗址本身的“隐形”特性，设计营造出一种可被感知的纪念性景观，期望以一种平和的方式来讲述这段城市历史。当人们进入这片区域，经过这些“芽”状构筑物，与之产生互动，历史在不经意间得到回述，这也可以说是一种城市文脉的延续。同时，由于景观的介入，区域中形成了新的场所体验，历史与现实在此交错，融合成现代人新的记忆。</p>
<h4>方案组成员：</h4>
<ul>
<li><span style="color: #888888;">刘家琳／1986年生／重庆人／北京林业大学城市规划与设计学科2011级博士生</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #888888;">李萍／1984年生／河北保定人／北京林业大学城市规划与设计学科2008级硕士生</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #888888;">朱时雨／1986年生／湖北宜昌人／北京林业大学城市规划与设计学科2008级硕士生</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #888888;">张雪辉／1987年生／北京人／北京林业大学城市规划与设计学科2009级硕士生</span></li>
<li><span style="color: #888888;">卢亮／1982年生／河南周口人／北京林业大学风景园林学科2009级硕士生</span></li>
</ul>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>身处加拿大大都市里的Lower Don Lands项目陈述着一个雄心勃勃的计划，一个全面的以生态为基础的城市设计建设，构建了一个包含大大小小的公园，复合式联系以及野生动物栖息地的景观框架。</p></blockquote>
<p><span style="color: #888888;">Article Source: Rachel Gleeson. Toronto&#8217;s Lower Don Lands. TOPOS, VOL. 73. 2011</span></p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">声明：此翻译为正式授权文章，已征得作者同意在风景园林新青年(Youth Landscape Architecture) 上发表，严禁转载。</span></strong><br />
<strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">Notice: This article is a reprinted version in Chinese with the official permission of the author. Do not copy without permission.</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;"><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-5861" title="torontos-lower-don-lands-4" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/torontos-lower-don-lands-4.jpg" alt="" width="488" height="606" /><br />
</span></strong></p>
<p>在最早成为多伦多人的英国移民来到之时，Don River流入Ashbridges沼泽，那是Don河与Ontario湖交汇而生的500公顷面积的湿地。 从浅滩，沙滩到最后进入多伦多的工业港口区域的泥滩，区域内这种景观的逐步变化说明着在地理河流形成的活泼性和巨大尺度的人造工程之间潜藏着一个基本张力。</p>
<p>自然形成的沉淀曾在1912年被当作大型填土项目来使用，因为当时是想逐步发展整个Asbridges沼泽地。整个Port Lands的发展需要先建设12，300米长的海运码头墙来控制注入沼泽地的交汇水流。包含铁路和高速公路的交通系统，曾为了服务Port Lands项目而修建，现在却让这个地方从城市中孤立出来。对设施曾夸下海口的商业保证从未实现过，身处北美密度最高最活跃的城市之一的Port Lands街区已经变成一个出奇安静的地方。</p>
<h3>Lower Don Lands计划</h3>
<p>想要让多伦多前工业区Lower Don Lands重新融入到城市中来需要有决心去面对环境，社会和经济方面的挑战。河口是两个相邻系统互通和平衡的地方，受此启发，MVVA项目的团队重新对城市和环境之间的关系进行了思考。结论是：一个全面的以生态为基础的城市设计有三个方面必不可少，包含着大大小小公园的景观骨架，多重模式链接和野生动物栖息地。MVVA被授权来设计Lower Don Lands是因为2007年举办的该项目的国际比赛。以使用景观系统作为城市改造的首要动力，这个主题让他们独具一格。在项目的发展建设中，Lower Don Lands的总体设计探索出一个在基础设施尺度上运作的以景观为基础的补救和保护方法。</p>
<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-5862" title="torontos-lower-don-lands-6" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/torontos-lower-don-lands-6.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="403" /></p>
<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-5863" title="torontos-lower-don-lands-7" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/torontos-lower-don-lands-7.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="392" /></p>
<p>280英亩的现状场地强烈缺乏自然特性、公共设施和街区设施。由于丢失了原先的沼泽地和Keating河道带来的保护，临近Don的多伦多社区面对洪水时，由于缺少泄洪区，变得十分脆弱。河床突兀的90度转角更是恶化淤泥沉积并需要长期清淤。</p>
<p>根据水文模型，竞赛提倡对现在的Keating河道的河口自然化处理是不可取的。因为对Ashbridges沼泽地任何部分的改造都会牵一发而动全身，而且也无法恢复到以前的生态功能，所以对原先的自然情况进行重建也是不现实的。根据流体动力学，MVVA提出为Don河建造一个设计结合自然的河口，这样将会大大减少因人工刻意控制河口水流方向而带来的沉淀积累问题。另外，在功能方面，这个设计将能在巨大的变化中保留Keating河道作为一个城市工业化人工产品，毕竟这是它原先的功能。</p>
<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-5864" title="torontos-lower-don-lands-1" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/torontos-lower-don-lands-1.jpg" alt="" width="433" height="773" /></p>
<p>Don河河口的重新定位也将更好地帮助其从其它沿着多伦多港口的河流中凸显出来，并让它成为Lower Don Lands复兴的一个标志。让新河口的位置转向整个场地的中心也同样帮助联系现在和新兴的铁路南部以及河流上游的邻里街区。通过这样的办法，自然化整个河口将会促使最大可能范围内对城市发展的影响，同时还包括千米长度的公园和水域来支持一个可持续发展的城市河口湾。</p>
<p>一个包含Don河的大型湿地公园将会占据新建邻里居住区的核心，通过地势的变化，开敞的视野，娱乐是对整个密集城市的补充。对整个地区的大范围改变将能大大提高生态方面和水文方面的功能性。整个规划证明出景观是作为城市首要的排序系统和对生态经济社会街区复兴最有效的调和方式。</p>
<p>整个方案提出Lower Don Lands将会被发展成一系列因河流和港口而形成的不同街区。这个目标是为了创造出一个令人兴奋的地方来居住和工作，其中，城市，公园用地，河口和港口为其献上强烈的独特标识。每一个街区将拥有不同的混合型城市项目：生命周期循环型户型；商业，文化和工作空间；公共区域；水区域；不同尺度的公园用地。</p>
<p>在每个街区范围内，整个城市的社交生活沿着河道旁边的咖啡厅展开，树荫下宽敞的步行道，公共广场里，运动场里以及沿着高架快车道下的令人印象深刻混凝土基墩柱列。由于整个公园处在城市河口湾的心脏，其生态系统将支持整个社会程式，土丘吸引各种对运动，游戏，放风筝感兴趣的使用者来鸟瞰河湾和沿着人行巷道徘徊。</p>
<p>Lower Don Lands的设计平面不仅在视觉上有宽广的气势，也同时非常注重细节。一些超前的观念例如用建筑来最大化微气候的舒适和街区非常受欢迎的步行道，整个Lower Don Lands项目为城市发展定下一个野心勃勃的日程规划，共鸣和对个体的尊重成为整个城市的文化和功能方面的主导。</p>
<p>通过对首要设计实施的允许， 多伦多已显示出其对Lower Don Lands这个项目的承诺。官方对平面的修正，法律上的分区制，和环境评定都在2010年的七月和八月审核并通过。河流的重新定线和居住商业方面的发展将作为下一阶段的实施内容。</p>
<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-5867" title="torontos-lower-don-lands-2" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/torontos-lower-don-lands-2.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="243" /></p>
<p><img class="alignnone size-full wp-image-5866" title="torontos-lower-don-lands-5" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2012/01/torontos-lower-don-lands-5.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="163" /></p>
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		<slash:comments>2</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>2012新年祝福</title>
		<link>http://www.youthla.org/2011/12/2012-new-year-greeting/</link>
		<comments>http://www.youthla.org/2011/12/2012-new-year-greeting/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 31 Dec 2011 13:08:56 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>风景园林新青年</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[杂言]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.youthla.org/?p=5849</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[2012年伊始，风景园林新青年(Youth Landscape Architecture，YLA) 向所有关心和爱护我们的朋友们致以新年的祝福！ <table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
    <tr>
        <td colspan="5"><b><font size="-1"  style="display: block !important; padding: 20px 0 5px !important;">随机文章</font></b></td>
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                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important;">
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                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/03/01/3013480.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
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                    </a>
                </td>
                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="文治" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2012%2F02%2Fcivilian-control%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2F2012-new-year-greeting%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2012/02/07/14940912.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
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                    </a>
                </td>
                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="城市中的记忆之芽" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2012%2F01%2Fthe-memorial-bud-in-city%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2F2012-new-year-greeting%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2012/01/29/14453461.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
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                </td>
                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="且走且看——2010年YouthLA新年祝福暨志愿者中心成立公告" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2010%2F01%2F2010-new-year-greeting%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2F2012-new-year-greeting%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/logo_110x110.png" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">且走且看——2010年YouthLA新年祝福暨志愿者中心成立公告</font>
                    </a>
                </td>
                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="多伦多Lower Don Lands项目" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2012%2F01%2Ftorontos-lower-don-lands%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2F2012-new-year-greeting%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2012/01/06/13535564.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">多伦多Lower Don Lands项目</font>
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                </td>
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        <td colspan="5" align="right">
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                <font size="-1" color="#bbbbbb" style="display: block !important; font-family: arial !important; padding: 5px 0 !important; font-size: 12px !important; color: #bbb !important;">无觅</font>
            </a>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong><span style="color: #ff0000;">2012年伊始，风景园林新青年(Youth Landscape Architecture，YLA) 向所有关心和爱护我们的朋友们致以新年的祝福！</span></strong></p>
<p>回望我们一起走过的这三年，激情与火花褪去，留下的是真诚与坚持。</p>
<p>在这里，我们首先要感谢与YLA一同成长的志愿者们，志愿无价，是你们给予了YLA不断前行的力量。其次，我们要感谢一直关注YLA的海内外读者与网友，你们的讨论与建议让YLA茁壮成长。我们还要感谢YLA的官方合作伙伴，你们的一路支持和帮助是我们坚实的后盾。此外，我们也要感谢那些盗载YLA文章的人，你们以另一种方式分享、传播了知识的种子。最后，我们要感谢我们自己，共同的事业坚定了我们的信仰和友情。</p>
<p>2012年，也许是更加浮躁的一年，但是，我们将一如既往地拒绝浮躁。</p>
<p>2012年，YLA的团队将在做好各自本职工作的基础上，竭尽所能推动这项非营利事业的发展，我们会继续坚守我们所坚持的，倡导我们所信仰的，微笑着、坚定地走下去。</p>
<p>2012年，我们将着力加强志愿者的组织建设，开展更加丰富的线下交流活动，希望看到更多志愿者的加入，以主人翁的意识和YLA携手共进！</p>
<p>祝大家2012新年快乐，春节快乐，万事如意。</p>
<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
    <tr>
        <td colspan="5"><b><font size="-1"  style="display: block !important; padding: 20px 0 5px !important;">随机文章</font></b></td>
    </tr>
    
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                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="小记新浪地产盗载事件暨新年祝福" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2010%2F12%2Fwitnessing-the-pirate-accident-by-sina-dichan-and-2011-new-year-greeting%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2F2012-new-year-greeting%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/03/01/3013480.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
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                    </a>
                </td>
                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
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                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2012/02/07/14940912.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">文治</font>
                    </a>
                </td>
                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="城市中的记忆之芽" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2012%2F01%2Fthe-memorial-bud-in-city%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2F2012-new-year-greeting%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2012/01/29/14453461.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">城市中的记忆之芽</font>
                    </a>
                </td>
                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="且走且看——2010年YouthLA新年祝福暨志愿者中心成立公告" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2010%2F01%2F2010-new-year-greeting%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2F2012-new-year-greeting%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/logo_110x110.png" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">且走且看——2010年YouthLA新年祝福暨志愿者中心成立公告</font>
                    </a>
                </td>
                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="多伦多Lower Don Lands项目" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2012%2F01%2Ftorontos-lower-don-lands%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2F2012-new-year-greeting%2F">
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            <a style="text-decoration: none !important;" href="http://www.wumii.com/widget/relatedItems.htm" target="_blank" title="无觅相关文章插件">
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</table>

<p>Related posts:<ol><li><a href='http://www.youthla.org/2010/12/witnessing-the-pirate-accident-by-sina-dichan-and-2011-new-year-greeting/' rel='bookmark' title='Permanent Link: 小记新浪地产盗载事件暨新年祝福'>小记新浪地产盗载事件暨新年祝福</a></li>
<li><a href='http://www.youthla.org/2009/09/persist-in-the-direction-of-youth/' rel='bookmark' title='Permanent Link: 坚持年轻的方向'>坚持年轻的方向</a></li>
<li><a href='http://www.youthla.org/2009/09/from-outdoor-to-indoor/' rel='bookmark' title='Permanent Link: 从门外到门内'>从门外到门内</a></li>
</ol></p>]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>4</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>小议钢笔手绘表达对风景园林设计能力养成的意义</title>
		<link>http://www.youthla.org/2011/12/on-the-significance-of-pen-sketching-to-the-nurture-of-landscape-architectural-design-ability/</link>
		<comments>http://www.youthla.org/2011/12/on-the-significance-of-pen-sketching-to-the-nurture-of-landscape-architectural-design-ability/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 14 Dec 2011 01:24:13 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>风景园林新青年</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[杂言]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[手绘]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[经验]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.youthla.org/?p=5769</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[手绘的意义不仅在于设计表达，更重要的是它是设计思维赖以表达的图示语言，也是设计能力训练不可或缺的途径。在众多的手绘表达方法中，钢笔画有其自身的优势，值得引起风景园林学子们的重视。 <table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>“风景园林新青年就在你身边”活动上个月在南京林业大学与同学们见面，在面对面的交流中，同学们提出了一个问题：究竟应该怎样看待手绘？我想，这是对很多风景园林学子而言都存在疑惑的问题。在此，借这个话题表达自己对于钢笔手绘之于风景园林设计的意义的一点观点，希望和大家共同探讨。本文的主要观点是，手绘的意义不仅在于设计表达，更重要的是它是设计思维赖以表达的图示语言，也是设计能力训练不可或缺的途径。在众多的手绘表达方法中，钢笔画有其自身的优势，值得引起风景园林学子们的重视。</p>
<p>对所有设计领域而言，手绘草图都是表达设计思想的基础，手绘的过程是设计过程中不可缺失的重要环节。绘制草图的过程不仅是记录和描述设计方案的表达过程，更是探讨设计问题解决之道的思考过程。设计方案的最终成果除了手工绘制的图纸外，可以由电脑制图、三维模型、虚拟影像等多种手段表现，但是设计过程中设计思维的表述主要依靠的语言只有手绘草图。针对手绘草图的训练不仅能够提高表达设计方案的技能更有利于设计思维的培养。以线条为主的钢笔画是最受设计师青睐的绘制设计草图、记录设计思想的绘画形式。钢笔风景画训练不仅可以培养设计师绘制风景园林设计表现图的实践技能，更有利于培养设计师风景园林设计综合性设计思维。</p>
<p>手绘图是表达设计思维的基本语言。早在文艺复兴之前手绘图就已经成为一种设计的手段。随着设计对象日趋复杂和新颖，利用手绘图来描绘设计产品在当时逐渐成为一种普遍的现象。而文艺复兴时期里昂那多达芬奇所作的大量设计手绘图不仅描绘了设计产品的最终形态、展示了新产品的制造方法和使用方法，而且还作为辅助手段来帮助自己思考和推理。它们向人们展示了手绘设计草图作为认知手段和研究方法的功能（图1）。 在现代和当代的设计中手绘草图同样具有类似的重要意义。图2所示的是建筑师Alvar Aalto在设计过程中为推敲建筑形体而作的手绘图。在这组图中建筑的平面、立面、剖面同时呈现，这说明建筑师在设计过程中是通过手绘草图从面积、体量甚至造价各个方面同时对建筑形体进行考虑和推敲的。绘制这些草图的过程并不是为了描绘设计最终的成果，而是在尝试和评判不同的设计可能性，因此绘图过程本身就是推敲的过程。</p>
<div id="attachment_5771" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 510px"><img class="size-full wp-image-5771" title="on-the-significance-of-pen-sketching-to-the-nurture-of-landscape-architectural-design-ability-1" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/on-the-significance-of-pen-sketching-to-the-nurture-of-landscape-architectural-design-ability-1.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="786" /><p class="wp-caption-text">图1：达芬奇绘制的机械设计草图 Credit: http://www.ownfineart.com/Drawings/Automobile.jpg</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5772" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 684px"><img class="size-full wp-image-5772" title="on-the-significance-of-pen-sketching-to-the-nurture-of-landscape-architectural-design-ability-2" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/on-the-significance-of-pen-sketching-to-the-nurture-of-landscape-architectural-design-ability-2.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="459" /><p class="wp-caption-text">图2：Alvar Aalto作的the Maison Carre设计草图 Credit: Nigel Cross. Designerly ways of knowing. London: Springer. pp.35</p></div>
<p>有研究人员指出手绘草图之于设计思维正像书写之于文学思维。“在设计中，手绘是一种智慧的增效器，这就像当我们想把一些想法条理化时书写是智力的增效器。不用手写出来，我们很难对自己的思想进行发掘和解析。不用手画出来设计师很难对他们的思想进行发掘和解析。就像书写一样，手绘不仅是简单的外部记忆辅助，它更强化并改善了与‘设计思维’中特别的认知过程相关的思考。” （Nigel Cross 2006, Nigel Cross. Designerly ways of knowing. London: Springer. pp.38）</p>
<p>在众多绘画形式中，钢笔画是设计师最青睐的设计草图表现形式。作为设计过程中方案推敲的辅助手段，需要能够满足设计师在最短的时间内快速表达自己设计思想的要求。要满足这种要求就需要方便简易的工具、直接高效的表达方式以及灵活丰富的表现效果。钢笔画的绘制不需要特别的纸张、颜料和画笔等特殊画材，最常见的普通钢笔就能满足绘画的所有要求，天然具有简易方便的特点。钢笔画属于素描的一种，它的绘画表现依靠的是单色线条的平面组织。无论在哪种绘画形式中，线条都是形成最终画面的最基本元素，可以说线条是反映思维图像的最直接的媒介。因此钢笔画也许并不能形成最眩目的视觉效果，但是却能最直接地反应思维过程。作为设计过程中探索设计思维的辅助手段，设计师的钢笔草图不是为了绘制打动受众的表现图，而是为了帮助设计师发展设计思路、推敲设计方案，这恰是对设计思维的一种反应。因此在众多画种中钢笔画最适合用来作为设计草图的绘制。但是这并不意味着钢笔画只能描绘单调、简单的图像。通过线条的轻重、粗细、疏密变化，利用钢笔画的技法可以形成非常丰富的画面，其灵活丰富的表现效果足以用来反映设计师的丰富想象。因此各个领域的设计师都对钢笔画情有独钟，甚至以钢笔画的水平作为设计能力高低的一项评判标准。</p>
<p>风景园林设计与其他设计领域在设计思维表达和设计方案的推敲过程上存在共性，手绘草图同样是设计过程不可缺少的环节，也是发展设计思维必须的手段。对于风景园林师来说钢笔草图是与其他设计行业共通的图示语言。钢笔风景画训练一方面有助于风景园林设计专业的学生在接触专业知识的早期形成利用设计行业通用的图示语言表达设计思维的能力和习惯，促进普遍意义上的设计思维的发展。另一方面，钢笔风景画教学以风景园林专业的特殊设计任务为导向，在绘画教学与训练中引导学生关注风景园林设计中需要面对的特殊设计对象和设计要素，培训学生们表达园林景观的技能，同时为学生们形成风景园林专业方向的设计思维提供基础。</p>
<p>以上观点为个人粗浅拙见，欢迎大家共同讨论。</p>
<p style="text-align: right;">郭湧<br />
2011.12.13<br />
北京家中</p>
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		<title>北京—上海骑行有感</title>
		<link>http://www.youthla.org/2011/12/thoughts-on-my-cycling-trip-in-china/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 12 Dec 2011 02:08:19 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>风景园林新青年</dc:creator>
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                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">“化冢为家——阻止沙漠蔓延的绿色基础设施”生成有感</font>
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                    <a target="_blank" title="骑行，北京-上海（四）" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F09%2Fbicycling-beijing-shanghai-4%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fthoughts-on-my-cycling-trip-in-china%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/09/21/32675631.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">骑行，北京-上海（四）</font>
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                    <a target="_blank" title="骑行，北京-上海（一）" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F09%2Fbicycling-beijing-shanghai-1%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fthoughts-on-my-cycling-trip-in-china%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/09/07/28815289.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">骑行，北京-上海（一）</font>
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<blockquote><p>骑行归来，Amirah与我们分享了她此次北京-上海自行车“旅行”的感悟与发现。中国曾是一个“自行车者的天堂”，如今正不断地演变成一个汽车主导城市空间以及身份象征的国度。通过此文，我们读到了一位外国同行对城市自行车环境的珍视与思考。</p></blockquote>
<p>I biked 1250 kilometers from Beijing to Shanghai in September, 2011.  The objective of the ride was to gain a firsthand understanding of the role of the bicycle in China and to investigate how cycling culture and bike infrastructure can be integrated into efficient and sustainable transportation design.   I travelled through a spectrum of different urban conditions ranging from the dense municipalities of Beijing, Tianjin, and Shanghai, through industrial regions saturated with smog, to wide expanses of agricultural fields supporting rice, corn, and cows.</p>
<p>The most notable part of the ride is how feasible it is to bike this transect.  Even with months of planning and research before leaving the states, I was nervous about getting stuck in frustrating and dire situations I could not get out of.  However, as soon as I began riding out of Beijing I realized that China is made for bicycles.  Its rich history with heavy emphasis on bikes as a primary mode of transportation is still evident in China’s automobile age.  Bike lanes, separated from the highway by railing or a planted median, were present in even the smallest of towns.  National roads, one level down from the main freeways, had limited traffic and wide shoulders.  Roads were, for the most part, well maintained and I saw lots of new roads being constructed.  It was not uncommon to see other bikes on these roads at all hours of the day.  The prominence of bikes can be seen in the frequency and range of bike stores and mechanics set up in everything from a high end retail store to a roadside stand.  The high density of bikes made other bikers and pedestrians crossing bike lanes the biggest hazard I encountered.</p>
<p>Even with the China’s obsession with cars and the status it symbolizes, bikes remain an important part of the country’s future.  As designers, this presents an opportunity to create sustainable places that benefit from the presence of bicycles (better air, people exercising, less heart/lung disease…) There are several things to consider when trying to promote the use of bicycles.  It’s important to have continuous networks where bike lanes connect to other bike lanes.  Sections of Shanghai are fragmented and discourage the use of bicycles for travel beyond one’s neighborhood limits.  Pedestrian lanes should be big enough and clearly separated from bike lanes to avoid accidents.   Increased efficiency with bike lane design will make bike travel quicker—probably even faster than cars in rush hour traffic.  It seems that convincing people that they can save significant time in their commute is an driving factor in getting more people out of their cars and onto a bicycle.  Other ways to encourage bike travel include providing tax incentive to businesses encouraging the employees to bike, secure bike parking, and making biking ‘cool’ to youth.</p>
<p>This fellowship has been an amazing experience to understand a country and culture that so much of our work is focused in.  The slow pace of the bicycle allowed me to realize the diversity the landscape and people as I moved from province to province and neighborhood to neighborhood.  Cycling around a project site and its surrounding areas can be a valuable site analysis tool in China.  Additional photos and details of what I saw and experienced are on the fellowship blog—updated daily during the trip—at <a href="http://www.cycle-china.com">www.cycle-china.com</a>.</p>
<h4>Related Reading:</h4>
<p><strong><a title="骑行，北京-上海（一）Bicycling from Beijing to Shanghai part 1" href="http://www.youthla.org/2011/09/bicycling-beijing-shanghai-1/">骑行，北京-上海（一）Bicycling from Beijing to Shanghai part 1</a></strong></p>
<p><strong><strong><a title="骑行，北京-上海（二）Bicycling from Beijing to Shanghai part 2" href="http://www.youthla.org/2011/09/bicycling-beijing-shanghai-2/">骑行，北京-上海（二）Bicycling from Beijing to Shanghai part 2</a></strong></strong></p>
<p><strong><strong><strong><a title="骑行，北京-上海（三）Bicycling from Beijing to Shanghai part 3" href="http://www.youthla.org/2011/09/bicycling-beijing-shanghai-3/">骑行，北京-上海（三）Bicycling from Beijing to Shanghai part 3</a></strong></strong></strong></p>
<p><strong><strong><strong><strong><a title="骑行，北京-上海（四）Bicycling from Beijing to Shanghai part 4" href="http://www.youthla.org/2011/09/bicycling-beijing-shanghai-4/">骑行，北京-上海（四）Bicycling from Beijing to Shanghai part 4</a></strong><br />
</strong></strong></strong></p>
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                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/03/01/3016126.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
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<p>Related posts:<ol><li><a href='http://www.youthla.org/2011/07/learning-by-travelling-in-china/' rel='bookmark' title='Permanent Link: 修行'>修行</a></li>
<li><a href='http://www.youthla.org/2010/12/a-mild-memorial-the-pentagon-memorial/' rel='bookmark' title='Permanent Link: 新青年读老经典之五角大楼纪念碑'>新青年读老经典之五角大楼纪念碑</a></li>
<li><a href='http://www.youthla.org/2011/07/the-day-after-tomorrow/' rel='bookmark' title='Permanent Link: 后天'>后天</a></li>
</ol></p>]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>新青年与手绘表达15</title>
		<link>http://www.youthla.org/2011/12/youthla-and-hand-drawing-15/</link>
		<comments>http://www.youthla.org/2011/12/youthla-and-hand-drawing-15/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Dec 2011 04:27:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>风景园林新青年</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[视角]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[手绘]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[视频]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.youthla.org/?p=5750</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[风景园林新青年特邀请北京林业大学教师，清华大学博士王劲韬老师，为专业学子和从业者做出手绘表达的展示和教学。
“新青年与手绘表达”的活动将继续进展下去，王劲韬老师也会继续为同学们进行手绘表达的教学和演示。 <table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达之七" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F05%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-07%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-15%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/05/09/8058153.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达之七</font>
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                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达之二" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F03%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-02%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-15%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/03/24/4157355.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达之二</font>
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                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/05/05/7657540.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达之六</font>
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                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达之八" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F05%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-08%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-15%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/05/16/8745334.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达之八</font>
                    </a>
                </td>
                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达11" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F08%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-11%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-15%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/08/19/23482463.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达11</font>
                    </a>
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            <a style="text-decoration: none !important;" href="http://www.wumii.com/widget/relatedItems.htm" target="_blank" title="无觅相关文章插件">
                <font size="-1" color="#bbbbbb" style="display: block !important; font-family: arial !important; padding: 5px 0 !important; font-size: 12px !important; color: #bbb !important;">无觅</font>
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</table>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>风景园林新青年特邀请北京林业大学教师，清华大学博士王劲韬老师，为专业学子和从业者做出手绘表达的展示和教学。</p>
<p>“新青年与手绘表达”的活动将继续进展下去，王劲韬老师也会继续为同学们进行手绘表达的教学和演示。</p>
<p>如果你有自己的练习作品，如果你希望自己的作品能够有机会获得专业的点评，请将你的作品发送至：activity@youthla.org</p>
<h4>视频：</h4>
<p><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="600" height="500" src="http://player.youku.com/player.php/sid/XMzI5ODg2NTg0/v.swf" allowscriptaccess="always" align="middle" quality="high" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></p>
<div id="attachment_5751" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 684px"><img class="size-full wp-image-5751" title="youthla-and-hand-drawing-15-1" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/youthla-and-hand-drawing-15-1.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="340" /><p class="wp-caption-text">最终效果</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5752" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 636px"><img class="size-full wp-image-5752" title="youthla-and-hand-drawing-15-2" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/youthla-and-hand-drawing-15-2.jpg" alt="" width="626" height="390" /><p class="wp-caption-text">最终效果</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5753" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 616px"><img class="size-full wp-image-5753" title="youthla-and-hand-drawing-15-3" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/youthla-and-hand-drawing-15-3.jpg" alt="" width="606" height="237" /><p class="wp-caption-text">最终效果</p></div>
<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/05/09/8058153.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达之七</font>
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                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达之二" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F03%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-02%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-15%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/03/24/4157355.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达之二</font>
                    </a>
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                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达之六" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F05%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-06%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-15%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/05/05/7657540.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达之六</font>
                    </a>
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                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达之八" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F05%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-08%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-15%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/05/16/8745334.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达之八</font>
                    </a>
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                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达11" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F08%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-11%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-15%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/08/19/23482463.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达11</font>
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</ol></p>]]></content:encoded>
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		<slash:comments>10</slash:comments>
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		<title>新青年与手绘表达14</title>
		<link>http://www.youthla.org/2011/12/youthla-and-hand-drawing-14/</link>
		<comments>http://www.youthla.org/2011/12/youthla-and-hand-drawing-14/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 07 Dec 2011 04:20:58 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>风景园林新青年</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[视角]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[手绘]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[视频]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.youthla.org/?p=5742</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[风景园林新青年特邀请北京林业大学教师，清华大学博士王劲韬老师，为专业学子和从业者做出手绘表达的展示和教学。
“新青年与手绘表达”的活动将继续进展下去，王劲韬老师也会继续为同学们进行手绘表达的教学和演示。 <table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
    <tr>
        <td colspan="5"><b><font size="-1"  style="display: block !important; padding: 20px 0 5px !important;">随机文章</font></b></td>
    </tr>
    
        <tr>
                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达15" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-15%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-14%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/12/07/12024307.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达15</font>
                    </a>
                </td>
                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达之十" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F08%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-10%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-14%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/08/17/23189939.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达之十</font>
                    </a>
                </td>
                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达之七" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F05%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-07%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-14%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/05/09/8058153.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达之七</font>
                    </a>
                </td>
                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达12" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F08%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-12%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-14%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/08/26/25450481.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达12</font>
                    </a>
                </td>
                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达之五" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F04%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-05%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-14%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/04/08/5231668.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达之五</font>
                    </a>
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            <a style="text-decoration: none !important;" href="http://www.wumii.com/widget/relatedItems.htm" target="_blank" title="无觅相关文章插件">
                <font size="-1" color="#bbbbbb" style="display: block !important; font-family: arial !important; padding: 5px 0 !important; font-size: 12px !important; color: #bbb !important;">无觅</font>
            </a>
        </td>
    </tr>
</table>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>风景园林新青年特邀请北京林业大学教师，清华大学博士王劲韬老师，为专业学子和从业者做出手绘表达的展示和教学。</p>
<p>“新青年与手绘表达”的活动将继续进展下去，王劲韬老师也会继续为同学们进行手绘表达的教学和演示。</p>
<p>如果你有自己的练习作品，如果你希望自己的作品能够有机会获得专业的点评，请将你的作品发送至：activity@youthla.org</p>
<h4>视频：</h4>
<p><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="600" height="500" src="http://player.youku.com/player.php/sid/XMzI5ODU3OTMy/v.swf" allowfullscreen="true" quality="high" align="middle" allowscriptaccess="always"></embed></p>
<div id="attachment_5743" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 536px"><img class="size-full wp-image-5743" title="youthla-and-hand-drawing-14-1" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/youthla-and-hand-drawing-14-1.jpg" alt="" width="526" height="479" /><p class="wp-caption-text">最终效果</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5744" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 642px"><img class="size-full wp-image-5744" title="youthla-and-hand-drawing-14-2" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/youthla-and-hand-drawing-14-2.jpg" alt="" width="632" height="392" /><p class="wp-caption-text">最终效果</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5745" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 684px"><img class="size-full wp-image-5745" title="youthla-and-hand-drawing-14-3" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/youthla-and-hand-drawing-14-3.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="231" /><p class="wp-caption-text">最终效果</p></div>
<table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
    <tr>
        <td colspan="5"><b><font size="-1"  style="display: block !important; padding: 20px 0 5px !important;">随机文章</font></b></td>
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                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达15" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-15%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-14%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/12/07/12024307.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达15</font>
                    </a>
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                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达之十" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F08%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-10%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-14%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/08/17/23189939.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达之十</font>
                    </a>
                </td>
                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达之七" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F05%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-07%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-14%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/05/09/8058153.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达之七</font>
                    </a>
                </td>
                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达12" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F08%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-12%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-14%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/08/26/25450481.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达12</font>
                    </a>
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		<title>风景园林植物景观与人居环境建设学术研讨会纪实</title>
		<link>http://www.youthla.org/2011/11/1126/</link>
		<comments>http://www.youthla.org/2011/11/1126/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Mon, 28 Nov 2011 21:42:48 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>风景园林新青年</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[活动]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[人居环境]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[行业]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.youthla.org/?p=5723</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[2011年11月26日，由北京林业大学主办的风景园林植物景观与人居环境建设学术研讨会在北京红杉假日酒店召开。 <table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><span style="color: #888888;">现场报道：菅琳、张哲</span></p>
<p>随着风景园林一级学科体系的建立，风景园林植物景观在人居环境建设中的重要性也正得到全社会的广泛重视，但是当前我国风景园林植物景观设计的相关理论、实践及教学中还存在许多问题，需要广泛而深入地研究和探索。基于此，2011年11月26日，由北京林业大学主办的风景园林植物景观与人居环境建设学术研讨会在北京红杉假日酒店召开。</p>
<p>会议首先由李雄院长主持发言，介绍会议背景和参会嘉宾。北京林业大学副校长张启翔教授为本次研讨会致开幕词。接着风景园林协会副秘书长杨忠全讲话，强调应重视植物软景观，保护自然、尊重自然。本次研讨会共分上午和下午两个半场。上午场由董丽教授和包志毅教授主持，共有7位专家做主旨报告。</p>
<div id="attachment_5724" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 510px"><img class="size-full wp-image-5724" title="1126-03" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/1126-03.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="313" /><p class="wp-caption-text">张启祥教授致开幕词</p></div>
<p>华中农大副校长高翅教授首先就园林植物造景设计教学与园林植物特质论的主题进行报告。高翅教授强调理解自然，传承文化；并从功用、生态、审美三方面阐述植物造景的意义。他认为园林植物造景设计的影响因素有生命、美学、空间及文化等。接着介绍了植物群落布局的基本原则有地理、气候、地域文化三点。强调空间体会是关键，设计实践是核心，传承创新是灵魂，呼吁同学们多维度感知，与植物为友！</p>
<div id="attachment_5725" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 510px"><img class="size-full wp-image-5725" title="1126-01" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/1126-01.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="329" /><p class="wp-caption-text">高翅教授发言</p></div>
<p>东北林业大学园林学院院长许大为的报告题目是基于植被恢复技术的高速公路景观设计。许大为教授结合以往设计，介绍基于生态恢复技术的设计，指出高速公路建设存在的问题，并对国内外高速公路的景观评价与设计体系进行介绍，同时就评价方法、评价过程等对标准段公路进行景观生态进行分析和评价。指出GIS法比AHP法更适合于道路植物景观的评价。</p>
<p>北京植物园园长赵世伟做了以主题花展的植物造景为题的主旨报告。赵园长指出，植物园主要有教育、展览、娱乐、科研和资源保护的功能，并以兰花展为例加以阐述。赵园长提出倡议，希望国内的花博会能够学习国外优秀花展的经验，应用更多的植物种类，不要太过豪放，追求内秀，真正做到中国是世界园林之母！</p>
<p>前北京市园林局常务副局长张树林做了主题为风景园林与园林植物的报告。她引用汪菊渊先生的话，强调园林植物景观规划设计是风景园林学科的灵魂。认为园林学科的内涵和外延随着时代、社会和生活的发展而不断丰富变化。同时她嘱托园林专业的学生要练好基本功，适应新发展。张树林先生指出，园林学者应不断深化对园林植物景观设计的理论研究，走理论联系实践的道路，从大自然中汲取营养，借鉴国外经验，完善自我。</p>
<p>华中农业大学园艺林学学院院长包满珠的报告题目为走向多样性的和自然化的园林植物种植设计。他认为植物景观设计中的物种选择决定了设计的水平。包院长对国内园林植物的物种选择和植物配置现状针砭时弊，批评了景观符号化现象。他以树阵为例，批评了植物景观设计树阵的生硬化、机械化，号召设计者多向自然学习，吸取精华。展示了国外优秀的植物设计案例，建议学弟学妹们以此为鉴。</p>
<div id="attachment_5726" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 510px"><img class="size-full wp-image-5726" title="1126-02" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/1126-02.jpg" alt="" width="500" height="323" /><p class="wp-caption-text">包满珠教授做报告</p></div>
<p>山东省光合园林科技有限公司董事长王明荣的报告题目是我对园林设计与实践的认识。王董事长结合多年的实践经验，重点强调了植物的生态学特性和种群状态，提出了植物花园的概念以强调关注植物植物物候期的重要。同时提出要关注植物景观设计中的层次感、色彩感和秩序感。他以海南公园为例，提出五个四的理念。即四季有景、四季有花、四季有叶、四季有果、四季有变化。</p>
<p>上午场最后发言的是北京林业大学园林学院的董丽教授，报告题目是园林植物应用设计课程演变。董丽教授围绕本科生和研究生的园林植物应用设计课程的发展过程进行了阐述。她认为植物素材是风景园林景观的核心要素，风景园林植物景观体现在不同的层面上，植物景观设计应贯穿于一个项目的始终。</p>
<p>下午场由李树华教授主持，共有5位专家作报告。首先发言的是上海辰山植物园胡永红园长，他将从上海植物园工作经历出发，做城镇居住区绿化对热岛效应改善关键技术的报告。胡园长认为引起热岛效应的原因80%应归因于植被绿地的减少，其中大乔木影响最大，居住地绿地的发展不仅要关注观赏与生态两个方向，还应考虑居住者的需求和绿地的功用。胡园长提出要降低城镇居住区热岛效应应需要足够的降温空间，这势必与趋利的开发商争夺有限的土地空间，亟待政府部门制定相关法规，以满足人们对高品质宜居环境的需求。</p>
<p>清华大学建筑学院景观学系李树华教授报告的主题为，基于提高生物多样性与可持续发展的城市绿化技术。李教授认为城市绿化经过30多年的高速发展，现在应进入由数量到质量的提高阶段。该阶段至少应有两个重要目标。一是绿化与文化的结合；二是由植物种类单调走向生物多样性。接下来李教授介绍了具体的实验项目来阐述第二个发展目标。如以乡土植物为主体的城市绿化的案例—川西林盘与大阪纪念公园人造森林。最后，李树华教授介绍了日本国土绿化发展的历程，并提出了我国城市绿化发展过程中的某些重点问题，如园林绿化的不稳定性，乡土植物的利用过少等。</p>
<p>浙江林学院风景园林与建筑学院、旅游与健康学院院长包志毅教授就风景园林专业植物景观类课程教学问题做了主旨报告。包教授首先就植物和植物景观的重要地位进行了多方面的阐述，展示了美国纽约中央公园植物景观的重要性。接着强调了风景园林师应掌握植物种类及其特点的基本功，建议对植物种类数量的掌握进行分级，比如一级400种，二级800种，三级1200种以上等。</p>
<div id="attachment_5727" class="wp-caption alignright" style="width: 310px"><img class="size-full wp-image-5727" title="1126-04" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/1126-04.jpg" alt="" width="300" height="402" /><p class="wp-caption-text">苏雪痕先生发言</p></div>
<p>广东棕榈风景园林科学研究院常务副院长刘坤良的报告题目为《花坛推广应用的几点体会》。刘院长认为国外丰富多彩、层出不穷的园林植物新品种是引种的巨大资源库。在新起点、新平台、新需求的基础上，应推进园林植物的规模化、跨地区引种工作。近年来他对国外的花镜进行了实地考察，收获了宝贵的经验。他指出应正视与国外花镜水平的差距，学习国外成熟的技术与经验，提升花镜设计和建造能力。</p>
<p>研讨会的最后由植物造景专家苏雪痕教授将做压轴报告。主题为植物景观规划水平的提升。他首先强调了生物多样性的重要性，指出园林学者应具备一定数量的植物基本知识并掌握它们的生物学特性。他认为园林景观设计应注重科学性、文化性、艺术性和实用性。并强调园林设计的首要目的是为了改善人居环境，园林规划设计是一个综合学科，应同时注重设计和植物两个方面。</p>
<p>本次学术研讨会在北京林业大学园林学院院长李雄的总结发言中圆满结束。</p>
<p>更多现场直播细节请<a href="http://weibo.com/youthla">关注我们的官方微博：weibo.com/youthla</a></p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>新青年与手绘表达13</title>
		<link>http://www.youthla.org/2011/11/youthla-and-hand-drawing-13/</link>
		<comments>http://www.youthla.org/2011/11/youthla-and-hand-drawing-13/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 23 Nov 2011 20:21:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>风景园林新青年</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[视角]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[手绘]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[视频]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.youthla.org/?p=5710</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[风景园林新青年特邀请北京林业大学教师，清华大学博士王劲韬老师，为专业学子和从业者做出手绘表达的展示和教学。
“新青年与手绘表达”的活动将继续进展下去，王劲韬老师也会继续为同学们进行手绘表达的教学和演示。 <table class="wumii-related-items" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="3" border="0"  style="clear: both;">
    
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                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达15" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-15%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F11%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-13%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/12/07/12024307.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
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                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达之五" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F04%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-05%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F11%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-13%2F">
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                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达之二" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F03%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-02%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F11%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-13%2F">
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                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达之九" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F06%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-09%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F11%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-13%2F">
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                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达之九</font>
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                <td width="116" valign="top" style="padding: 5px !important; margin: 0 !important; border-left: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important;">
                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达之七" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F05%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-07%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F11%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-13%2F">
                        <img style="margin: 0 !important; padding: 2px !important; border: 1px solid #DDDDDD !important; width: 110px !important; height: 110px !important;" src="http://static.wumii.com/site_images/2011/05/09/8058153.jpg" width="110px" height="110px" /><br />
                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达之七</font>
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</table>]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>风景园林新青年特邀请北京林业大学教师，清华大学博士王劲韬老师，为专业学子和从业者做出手绘表达的展示和教学。</p>
<p>“新青年与手绘表达”的活动将继续进展下去，王劲韬老师也会继续为同学们进行手绘表达的教学和演示。</p>
<p>如果你有自己的练习作品，如果你希望自己的作品能够有机会获得专业的点评，请将你的作品发送至：activity@youthla.org</p>
<h4>视频：</h4>
<p><embed type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="600" height="500" src="http://player.youku.com/player.php/sid/XMzI1NTI2Nzg4/v.swf" allowscriptaccess="always" align="middle" quality="high" allowfullscreen="true"></embed></p>
<div id="attachment_5711" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 684px"><img class="size-full wp-image-5711" title="youthla-and-hand-drawing-13-1" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/youthla-and-hand-drawing-13-1.jpg" alt="" width="674" height="495" /><p class="wp-caption-text">最终效果</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5712" class="wp-caption alignnone" style="width: 417px"><img class="size-full wp-image-5712" title="youthla-and-hand-drawing-13-2" src="http://www.youthla.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/youthla-and-hand-drawing-13-2.jpg" alt="" width="407" height="355" /><p class="wp-caption-text">最终效果</p></div>
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                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达15" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F12%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-15%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F11%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-13%2F">
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                        <font size="-1" color="#1F50B6" style="display: block !important; line-height: 15px !important; width: 116px !important; font: 12px/15px arial !important; height: 60px !important; margin: 3px 0 0 0 !important; padding: 0 !important; overflow: hidden !important;">新青年与手绘表达之五</font>
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                    <a target="_blank" title="新青年与手绘表达之二" style="text-decoration: none !important; cursor: pointer !important;" href="http://app.wumii.com/ext/redirect.htm?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F03%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-02%2F&from=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.youthla.org%2F2011%2F11%2Fyouthla-and-hand-drawing-13%2F">
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