封闭的庭院

2011年英国蛇形画廊

Hortus conclusus
The 2011 Serpentine Gallery Pavilion

“花园是我所知道的最具有私密性的景观效果。它跟我们紧密相连，是我们种植所需植物的地方。花园需要我们的细心呵护。我们环绕着它、保护它。我们给它遮阴，花园就成为一处场所。

我一直非常着迷围合的花园，这源自我对阿尔卑斯农场的围合菜园的喜爱。农场主们的妻子也经常在菜园里种花。这些小正方形地块，宛若从广阔的高原造地剪切出来，四周用篱笆围合起来，以防止动物入侵。花园在一大片景观中围合起来的景象让我更加震撼：因为小物体在大物体中找到了护身之地。

我梦想的封闭庭院是四面围合的，仅向天空敞开。每次我构想建筑环境中的花园时，它都会变成一个神奇的地方。我想起那些我见过的花园，那些我渴望去参观的花园，都是四周被墙体、高柱、拱廊或建筑的立面包围起来。花园成为一处我愿意长久逗留的私密空间。”

彼得-卒姆托

2011年5月

 

‘A garden is the most intimate landscape ensemble I know of. It is close to us. There we cultivate the plants we need. A garden requires care and protection. And so we encircle it, we defend it and fend for it. We give it shelter. The garden turns into a place.

Enclosed gardens fascinate me. A forerunner of this fascination is my love of the fenced vegetable gardens on farms in the Alps, where farmers’ wives often planted flowers as well. I love the image of these small rectangles cut out of vast alpine meadows, the fence keeping the animals out. There is something else that strikes me in this image of a garden fenced off within the larger landscape around it: something small has found sanctuary within something big.

The hortus conclusus that I dream of is enclosed all around and open to the sky. Every time I imagine a garden in an architectural setting, it turns into a magical place. I think of gardens that I have seen, that I believe I have seen, that I long to see, surrounded by simple walls, columns, arcades or the fa?ades of buildings – sheltered places of great intimacy where I want to stay for a long time.’

Peter Zumthor

May 2011

 

英国的蛇形画廊至今已走过11个年头，它是全世界首创的、最振奋人心的建筑设计项目。今年的蛇形画廊由著名的瑞士建筑师、2009年普利兹克奖获得者彼得-卒姆托设计。这是卒姆托在英国建成的第一个项目，著名的荷兰设计师皮特-欧也夫则为画廊设计了一个特别的花园。

今年画廊的设计概念是“封闭的庭院”，旨在营造一个冥想空间，一个园中园。人们可以从草坪开始进入中央花园，体验环境的变化。这个花园摈弃了伦敦的喧嚣杂闹，是一处人们可以坐下来休息，或四处走动，观赏花卉的室内空间。

这个画廊跟彼得-卒姆托设计的其他项目如瑞士沃尔斯的温泉中心和德国梅谢尼希的布鲁德卡拉斯教堂一样，利用简洁的结构、材料的展现、尺度的把握和灯光效应，强调建筑的感官体验和灵魂精神。

彼得-卒姆托设计的核心是利用一系列精挑细选的材料，来修建能够激发人们对自然环境的灵感的冥想空间。卒姆托希望根据建筑的使用目的和情感体验来“定制”建筑，从而实现建筑的美学价值。

蛇形画廊于2011年7月1日至10月16日对外开放。

关于英国蛇形画廊：

英国蛇形画廊每年都会邀请从未在英格兰设计建造项目的国际知名建筑师和设计师来设计临时结构装置。卒姆托设计的蛇形画廊将会作为一处公共空间举办公共演讲和表演等“公园之夜”的相关活动。“公园之夜”系列活动将会在10月份举行的蛇形画廊马拉松活动达到高峰。“蛇形画廊马拉松”活动每年举办一次，今年是第六届。

材料：木材、胶合板和平纹棉麻织物

撰文：英国蛇形画廊

翻译：章健玲

图片来源：图01盖里-恩尔；图02皮特-欧也夫；图03-04 胡夫顿+克劳；图05 约翰-奥芬巴赫；图06沃特-郝斯特

This year’s Pavilion is the 11th commission in the Gallery’s annual series, the world’s first and most ambitious architectural programme of its kind. It is Peter Zumthor’s first completed building in the UK and includes a specially created garden by the influential Dutch designer Piet Oudolf.

The concept for this year’s Pavilion is the hortus conclusus, a contemplative room, a garden within a garden. One enters the building from the lawn and begins the transition into the central garden, a place abstracted from the world of noise and traffic and the smells of London- an interior space within which to sit, to walk, to observe the flowers.

With this Pavilion, as with previous structures such as the famous Thermal Baths at Vals, Switzerland, or the Bruder Klaus Chapel in Mechernich, Germany, Zumthor has emphasised the sensory and spiritual aspects of the architectural experience, from the precise yet simple composition and `presence’ of the materials, to the handling of scale and the effect of light.

At the heart of Peter Zumthor’s practice is a refined selection of materials used to create contemplative spaces that evoke the spiritual dimension of our physical environment. As always, Zumthor’s aesthetic goal is to customise the building precisely to its purpose as a physical body and an object of emotional experience.

This Pavilion is opened to the public from 1 July 1 to 16 October, 2011.

Serpentine Gallery Pavilion Commission

The Serpentine Gallery Pavilion commission is an ongoing programe of temporary structures by internationally acclaimed architects and designers. The series is unique worldwide and presents the work of an international architect or design team who has not completed a building in England at the time of the Gallery’s invitation. Zumthor’s Serpentine Gallery Pavilion will operate as a public space and as a venue for Park Nights, the Gallery’s high-profile programme of public talks and events. Park Nights will culminate in the annual Serpentine Gallery Marathon in October, now in its sixth year.

Material: Timber, plywood and scrim

Text: Serpentine Gallery Pavilion

Translation: ZHANG Jian-ling

Photo Credit: Fig.01Gerry Ebner; Fig.02Piet Oudolf; Fig.03-04 Hufton+Crow; Fig.05 John Offenbach; Fig.06 Walter Herfst